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HST.INTRO.bas
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BASIC Source File
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2012-02-16
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25KB
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558 lines
10 REM INTRODUCTION TO THE Hubble Space Telescope
20 REM Written with the support of the
30 REM NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center Office of Public Affairs.
40 REM
50 REM
60 :
1005 REM VARIABLES
1010 GOSUB 32200
1015 GOSUB 32200
2010 PRINT CHR$(17)
2014 D$ = CHR$(4)
2015 DIM M$(10)
2020 I = 0
2030 M$(I) = "Program Directions":I = I +1
2035 M$(I) = "Introduction to the Telescope":I = I +1
2037 M$(I) = "Construction":I = I +1
2040 M$(I) = "Instruments and Applications":I = I +1
2050 M$(I) = "Imaging":I = I +1
2055 M$(I) = "Communications":I = I +1
2067 M$(I) = "Quit"
2080 PRINT D$;"BLOAD UNPACKER,A2048"
3200 :
4000 :
4005 REM MAIN MENU
4010 :
4015 HGR : HOME
4030 PIC$ = "PATCH": GOSUB 32020
4095 GOSUB 31020
4100 TEXT : HOME
4105 VTAB 3: PRINT "The HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE will..."
4110 VTAB 6: PRINT TAB( 4);"* orbit Earth at 600 KM (375 miles)."
4115 PRINT : PRINT TAB( 4);"* have a clear view of the Universe."
4120 PRINT : PRINT TAB( 4);;"* be able to collect data almost continuously."
4125 PRINT : PRINT TAB( 4);"* detect visible & invisible energy."
4130 PRINT : PRINT TAB( 4);"* be launched by the Space Shuttle."
4135 PRINT : PRINT TAB( 4);"* be operated by NASA through the Goddard Space Flight Center."
4140 GOSUB 31025
4145 HOME : PRINT : PRINT "This program will introduce you"
4150 PRINT : PRINT "to the..."
4155 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT TAB( 9);"STRUCTURE,"
4160 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT TAB( 12);"ADVANTAGES"
4162 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT TAB( 15);"and"
4165 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT TAB( 18);"CAPABILITIES"
4180 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT " of the Hubble Space Telescope."
4190 GOSUB 31025
4200 POKE -16303,0: HOME :T$ = "-- MENU --": GOSUB 31105
4210 VTAB 6: FOR I = 0 TO 6: HTAB 4: INVERSE : PRINT I;: NORMAL : PRINT SPC( 2);M$(I): PRINT : NEXT I
4220 VTAB 23: HTAB 5: INVERSE : PRINT "ENTER THE NUMBER OF YOUR CHOICE";: NORMAL
4225 GET N$
4230 G = VAL(N$) +1: IF ASC(N$) <48 OR ASC(N$) >57 GOTO 4220
4240 ON G GOSUB 40000,7000,10000,13000,19000,22000,44000
4299 GOTO 4200
7000 :
7005 REM INTRODUCTION TO THE ST
7010 :
7020 HGR :PIC$ = "HST": GOSUB 32000
7040 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "This is how the Hubble Space Telescope"
7050 PRINT "will appear as it orbits the earth."
7060 PRINT "The telescope will allow astronomers"
7070 PRINT "to study vast areas of the universe.";: GOSUB 31310
7072 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The cylinder contains the telescope,"
7074 PRINT "scientific instruments and": PRINT "support equipment.": GOSUB 31310
7076 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The door at the end of the cylinder"
7078 PRINT "is shown open for observing."
7080 PRINT "The door can be closed for protection"
7082 PRINT "against bright objects like the Sun.";: GOSUB 31310
7084 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "There are two antennas for"
7086 PRINT "communication and two solar": PRINT "arrays for electrical energy.": GOSUB 31310
7088 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "Some major advantages of a telescope"
7089 PRINT "in space are that it will not"
7090 PRINT "have to see through the atmosphere"
7091 PRINT "nor contend with poor weather.";: GOSUB 31310
7095 HGR :PIC$ = "SEECELLS": GOSUB 32000: GOSUB 31350
7096 PRINT "A viewer on Earth must view the sky"
7097 PRINT "through the atmosphere. Light passing"
7098 PRINT "through the atmosphere undergoes change"
7099 PRINT "caused by varying conditions.";: GOSUB 31310
7100 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "These conditions include temperature,"
7101 PRINT "air pressure and dust. 'Cells' are"
7102 PRINT "created, each of which changes, or"
7103 PRINT "refracts, the light differently.";: GOSUB 31310: GOSUB 31350
7104 PRINT "The Hubble Space Telescope has the"
7105 PRINT "advantage of being above the atmosphere"
7106 PRINT "where a clear view of the sky is"
7107 PRINT "possible.";: GOSUB 31310
7120 HGR :PIC$ = "LIGHTC": GOSUB 32000
7130 HOME : VTAB 23
7140 PRINT "The telescope works by using a series"
7150 PRINT "of mirrors to direct light into six"
7160 PRINT "instruments at the focal plane.": GOSUB 31310
7170 HOME : VTAB 23
7180 PRINT "The instruments can make images"
7190 PRINT "of objects in the universe or"
7200 PRINT "analyze the energy which these"
7205 PRINT "objects emit.";: GOSUB 31310
7210 HOME : VTAB 23
7220 PRINT "The HST will be capable of seeing"
7230 PRINT "objects up to 15 billion light"
7240 PRINT "years away! One light year is"
7244 PRINT "about 6 TRILLION miles.";: GOSUB 31310
7250 HOME : VTAB 23
7260 PRINT "Space Telescope may even detect"
7270 PRINT "planets around nearby stars."
7280 PRINT "Is it possible that some of these"
7290 PRINT "support life?????";: GOSUB 31310
8500 HOME : VTAB 23
8510 PRINT "Learn all you can about the"
8520 PRINT "Hubble Space Telescope."
8530 PRINT "Soon it will open its"
8540 PRINT "EYE ON THE UNIVERSE!";: GOSUB 31310
9999 RETURN
10000 :
10005 REM CONSTRUCTION
10010 :
10015 HGR :PIC$ = "HST": GOSUB 32000
10020 GOSUB 31350
10030 PRINT "The Hubble Space Telescope is 13.1 m"
10040 PRINT "(43.5 ft.) long and 4.27 m (14 ft.) in"
10050 PRINT "diameter. Launch weight is about"
10060 PRINT "11,000 kilograms (25,500 lbs.).";: GOSUB 31310
10062 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "It is about as large as"
10064 PRINT "a school bus!": GOSUB 31310
10070 HGR :PIC$ = "EV.1": GOSUB 32000: GOSUB 31350
10080 PRINT "Four scientific instruments are located"
10090 PRINT "about the center of the light path. The"
10100 PRINT "instruments are each located within a"
10110 PRINT "separate module which allows removal.";: GOSUB 31310
10112 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "Since the instruments are removable,"
10114 PRINT "repair or replacement is possible"
10116 PRINT "while the telescope is in orbit.": GOSUB 31310
10120 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "The 4 axial instruments are: the HIGH"
10130 PRINT "RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH, the FAINT"
10140 PRINT "OBJECT SPECTROGRAPH, the FAINT OBJECT"
10150 PRINT "CAMERA and the HIGH SPEED PHOTOMETER.";: GOSUB 31310
10160 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "Three FINE GUIDANCE SENSORS are located"
10170 PRINT "at right angles to the lightpath. These"
10180 PRINT "sensors input data which aid in"
10190 PRINT "pointing the telescope.";: GOSUB 31310
10200 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "One radial instrument, the WIDEFIELD/"
10210 PRINT "PLANETARY CAMERA, is located at a right"
10220 PRINT "angle to the path of incoming light.";: GOSUB 31310
10230 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "The AFT SHROUD encloses the SCIENTIFIC"
10240 PRINT "INSTRUMENTS, FINE GUIDANCE SENSORS"
10245 PRINT "and the PRIMARY MIRROR.";: GOSUB 31310
10250 HGR :PIC$ = "EV.2": GOSUB 32000
10260 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "The OPTICAL TELESCOPE ASSEMBLY includes"
10270 PRINT "the primary mirror and main ring, the"
10280 PRINT "main light baffle, the metering truss"
10290 PRINT "and the secondary mirror assembly.";: GOSUB 31310
10300 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "The METERING TRUSS is constructed of"
10310 PRINT "graphite epoxy which expands or"
10320 PRINT "contracts only slightly when subjected"
10330 PRINT "to extreme temperatures.";: GOSUB 31310
10340 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "This allows the metering truss to"
10350 PRINT "keep the distance between the PRIMARY"
10360 PRINT "and SECONDARY MIRRORS stable. This"
10370 PRINT "keeps the telescope in focus.";: GOSUB 31310
10400 HGR :PIC$ = "EV.3": GOSUB 32000
10410 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "A SUPPORT SYSTEMS MODULE (SSM) provides"
10420 PRINT "the spacecraft with power,"
10430 PRINT "communications, pointing and control,"
10440 PRINT "and thermal protection.";: GOSUB 31310
10450 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The SSM EQUIPMENT SECTION is made of"
10460 PRINT "ten compartments which house electronic"
10470 PRINT "and control modules. Most compartments"
10480 PRINT "have doors for access by astronauts.";: GOSUB 31310
10490 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The SSM Equipment Section also contains"
10500 PRINT "the REACTION WHEEL ASSEMBLIES which are"
10510 PRINT "used for pointing and stabilizing"
10520 PRINT "the spacecraft.";: GOSUB 31310
10530 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The HIGH GAIN ANTENNAS are used in the"
10540 PRINT "transmission of data to the TRACKING"
10550 PRINT "and DATA RELAY SATELLITE(S) (TDRS) for"
10560 PRINT "relay to ground stations.";: GOSUB 31310
10620 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The APERTURE DOOR shields the telescope"
10630 PRINT "from the Sun, Earth, and Moon so"
10640 PRINT "the scientific instruments are not"
10650 PRINT "damaged by a flood of light.";: GOSUB 31310
10670 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "While in operation, the telescope will"
10680 PRINT "not be turned within 50 degrees of the"
10690 PRINT "Sun. As a result of this precaution,"
10700 PRINT "the planet Mercury cannot be observed.";: GOSUB 31310
10710 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The SOLAR ARRAYS provide an average of"
10720 PRINT "2400 watts of electrical power to the"
10730 PRINT "spacecraft and for energy storage by"
10740 PRINT "the onboard batteries.";: GOSUB 31310
10750 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The arrays are made of solar cells"
10760 PRINT "attached to one side of thin plastic"
10770 PRINT "material which allows the array to be"
10780 PRINT "stored like a window shade.";: GOSUB 31310
12999 RETURN
13000 :
13005 REM INSTRUMENTS
13010 :
13015 HOME
13020 T$ = "INSTRUMENTS AND APPLICATIONS": GOSUB 31105:T$ = "----------- --- ------------": GOSUB 31105: VTAB 5
13030 PRINT "The Hubble Space Telescope uses"
13040 PRINT "five scientific instruments"
13042 PRINT "to study the light and": PRINT "other energy collected by": PRINT "the primary mirror."
13045 VTAB 13:T$ = "The Fine Guidance Sensors": GOSUB 31250:T$ = "may also be considered": GOSUB 31250:T$ = "scientific instruments.": GOSUB 31250
13050 VTAB 19:T$ = "The six instruments are...": GOSUB 31105: GOSUB 31025
13060 HOME : PRINT : PRINT :T$ = "INSTRUMENTS WHICH MEASURE": GOSUB 31105
13070 T$ = "LIGHT DIRECTION AND INTENSITY": GOSUB 31105: PRINT
13080 T$ = "Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS)": GOSUB 31105
13090 T$ = "High Speed Photometer (HSP)": GOSUB 31105
13100 PRINT : PRINT :T$ = "CAMERAS WHICH PRODUCE IMAGES": GOSUB 31105: PRINT
13110 T$ = "Wide Field/Planetary Camera (WFPC)": GOSUB 31105
13120 T$ = "Faint Object Camera (FOC)": GOSUB 31105
13130 PRINT : PRINT :T$ = "COLOR ANALYZERS": GOSUB 31105: PRINT
13140 T$ = "High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS)": GOSUB 31105
13150 T$ = "Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS)": GOSUB 31105
13160 GOSUB 31025
13165 HGR :PIC$ = "MIRRORS2": GOSUB 32000
13200 VTAB 23: PRINT "HST uses a 2.4m (94in) primary mirror"
13210 PRINT "and small 30cm (11in) secondary mirror"
13220 PRINT "to guide light to the"
13225 PRINT "scientific instruments.";: GOSUB 31310
13230 HOME : VTAB 23
13240 PRINT "Incoming light energy from stellar"
13250 PRINT "objects strikes the primary mirror"
13260 PRINT "and is concentrated back to the"
13270 PRINT "secondary mirror.";
13280 GOSUB 31310
13290 HOME : VTAB 23
13300 PRINT "Light from the secondary mirror"
13303 PRINT "narrows to a small beam which"
13306 PRINT "comes to a focus behind the primary"
13310 PRINT "mirror at the focal plane.";: GOSUB 31310: HOME : VTAB 23
13315 PRINT "If you held a piece of paper at"
13318 PRINT "the focal plane, you would see"
13320 PRINT "an image of what the telescope"
13322 PRINT "is viewing.";: GOSUB 31310
13340 HOME : VTAB 23
13350 PRINT "The focused light reaches the focal"
13360 PRINT "plane by passing through a hole"
13370 PRINT "in the center of the "
13380 PRINT "primary mirror.";: GOSUB 31310
13400 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "Science instruments, located around"
13410 PRINT "the focal plane, analyze this light."
13420 PRINT "There are six instruments, including"
13430 PRINT "the Fine Guidance Sensors.";: GOSUB 31310
13435 GOSUB 31350: PRINT "The area which can be seen"
13444 PRINT "by the telescope is about as"
13446 PRINT "large as the full Moon.": GOSUB 31310
13450 HGR :PIC$ = "FOCAL.PLANE": GOSUB 32000
13455 HOME : VTAB 23
13460 PRINT "This is a diagram of the focal plane"
13470 PRINT "of the HST. The plane is divided into"
13480 PRINT "8 sections, each for use by"
13490 PRINT "an instrument or Fine Guidance Sensor.";: GOSUB 31310
13500 HOME : VTAB 23
13510 PRINT "The total field of view is 28 minutes"
13520 PRINT "of arc. You can see in the graphic"
13530 PRINT "how this field is shared; the Wide"
13540 PRINT "Field Camera has the best 'seat'.";: GOSUB 31310
13542 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The area which can be seen"
13550 HOME : VTAB 23: PRINT "The Fine Guidance Sensors"
13560 PRINT "accurately locate reference stars"
13570 PRINT "so that the HST can be kept"
13580 PRINT "on target.";: GOSUB 31310
13600 HOME : PRINT "The FINE GUIDANCE SENSORS ..."
13610 VTAB 5: PRINT "...are the 'navigators' for the HST."
13620 PRINT : PRINT "...could lock on and hold the image"
13630 PRINT TAB( 4)"of a dime over Washington, D.C."
13640 PRINT TAB( 4)"from as far away as Boston."
13650 PRINT : PRINT "...will record star positions with 10"
13660 PRINT TAB( 4)"times more accuracy than on Earth."
13670 PRINT : PRINT "...will record the positions of faint"
13680 PRINT TAB( 4)"moons orbiting Jupiter, Saturn"
13690 PRINT TAB( 4)"or other planets.": GOSUB 32100: GOSUB 31025
13700 GOSUB 32140: HOME : VTAB 23
13710 PRINT "The High Speed Photometer measures two"
13720 PRINT "features of stellar objects:"
13730 PRINT : PRINT "BRIGHTNESS and CHANGES in brightness.";: GOSUB 31310
13740 HOME : PRINT "The HIGH SPEED PHOTOMETER ..."
13750 VTAB 5: PRINT "...will study variable stars."
13760 PRINT : PRINT "...will observe."
13770 PRINT TAB( 4)"interplanetary dust."
13780 PRINT : PRINT "...will detect very rapid changes": GOSUB 31250
13790 PRINT TAB( 4)"in star brightness as short as"
13800 PRINT TAB( 4)"1/100,000 of a second!:GOSUB 32100 :GOSUB 31025
13850 GOSUB 32140: GOSUB 31350
13860 PRINT "The WIDE FIELD/PLANETARY CAMERA uses"
13870 PRINT "a series of mirrors"
13880 PRINT "to guide light into sensors"
13890 PRINT "for wide field or detailed images.";: GOSUB 31310
13900 HOME : PRINT "The WIDE FIELD AND PLANETARY CAMERA ..."
14000 VTAB 5: PRINT "...will produce spectacular images of"
14010 PRINT TAB( 4)"JUPITER, SATURN and other planets."
14020 PRINT : PRINT "...see 10 times more detail than": PRINT TAB( 4)"Earthbound telescopes."
14030 PRINT : PRINT "...can separate a car's headlights": PRINT TAB( 4)"at a distance of 2500 miles!"
14040 PRINT : PRINT "...will study the surface of Pluto."
14050 PRINT : PRINT "...will observe volcanoes on": PRINT TAB( 4)"Jupiter's moon Io."
14060 PRINT : PRINT "...will search for planets around other stars.": GOSUB 32100: GOSUB 31025
14200 GOSUB 32140
14210 GOSUB 31350
14220 PRINT "The Faint Object Camera uses mirrors,"
14230 PRINT "filters, and a small telescope"
14240 PRINT "to guide light to intensifiers"
14250 PRINT "which can strengthen faint light.";: GOSUB 31310
14270 HOME : PRINT "The FAINT OBJECT CAMERA..."
14280 VTAB 6: PRINT "...was developed and built by"
14290 PRINT TAB( 4)"the European Space Agency (ESA)."
14300 PRINT : PRINT "...will detect stars too faint for the"
14310 PRINT TAB( 4)"largest ground-based telescopes."
14320 PRINT : PRINT "...will search for planets"
14330 PRINT TAB( 4)"outside our Solar System."
14340 GOSUB 32100
14350 GOSUB 31025
14355 GOSUB 32140
14360 GOSUB 31350
14365 PRINT "Both the HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH"
14370 PRINT "and the FAINT OBJECT SPECTROGRAPH split"
14375 PRINT "light into spectra that reveal the"
14380 PRINT "composition of stars.";
14385 GOSUB 31310
14390 HOME
14395 PRINT "The HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH"
14400 VTAB 5: PRINT "...will be able to observe the"
14405 PRINT TAB( 4)"ultraviolet light that ground"
14410 PRINT TAB( 4)"telescopes can't detect."
14415 PRINT : PRINT "...will study the atmospheres of other"
14420 PRINT TAB( 4)"planets in our Solar System."
14425 PRINT : PRINT "...will study the composition of stars."
14430 PRINT : PRINT "...will study exploding galaxies."
14435 GOSUB 32100
14440 GOSUB 31025
14445 HOME
14450 PRINT "The FAINT OBJECT SPECTROGRAPH"
14455 VTAB 5: PRINT "...will gather the spectra of"
14460 PRINT TAB( 4)"extremely faint stars and galaxies."
14465 PRINT : PRINT "...will study comets, such as Halley"
14470 PRINT TAB( 4)"and others, when they are beyond"
14475 PRINT TAB( 4)"the grasp of Earth-based telescopes."
14480 PRINT : PRINT "...will observe quasars and their"
14485 PRINT TAB( 4)"mysterious 'jets'."
14490 GOSUB 31025
14495 GOSUB 32140
14500 GOSUB 31350
14505 PRINT "Each instrument will see"
14510 PRINT "with a clarity that is impossible to"
14515 PRINT "obtain beneath the veil of"
14520 PRINT "Earth's atmosphere.";
14525 GOSUB 31310
14530 GOSUB 32120
15999 RETURN
19000 :
19005 REM IMAGING
19010 :
19015 HOME
19020 HGR :PIC$ = "I.1": GOSUB 32000
19030 GOSUB 31350
19040 PRINT "Light concentrated by the optical"
19050 PRINT "system of the Optical Telescope"
19060 PRINT "Assembly passes through a 60cm (24 in.)"
19070 PRINT "opening in the primary mirror.";
19080 GOSUB 31310
19090 GOSUB 31350
19100 PRINT "A pickoff mirror centered in the light"
19110 PRINT "path behind the primary mirror directs"
19120 PRINT "the light through a shutter and one of"
19130 PRINT "48 possible filters.";
19140 GOSUB 31310
19150 GOSUB 31350
19160 PRINT "The light then strikes a four-faced"
19170 PRINT "reflective pyramid which breaks the"
19180 PRINT "beam into 4 parts (quadrants).";
19190 GOSUB 31310
19200 GOSUB 31350
19210 PRINT "The light in each quadrant is then "
19220 PRINT "concentrated by a small reflecting "
19230 PRINT "telescope and focused onto a sensor "
19240 PRINT "called a Charge Coupled Device (CCD).";
19250 GOSUB 31310
19280 HOME :PIC$ = "CCD.1": GOSUB 32000
19290 GOSUB 31350
19300 PRINT "Each CCD is a flat plate with 640,000"
19310 PRINT "separate light sensitive points."
19320 PRINT "The points are arranged in 800 lines"
19330 PRINT "with 800 points per line.";
19340 GOSUB 31310
19350 GOSUB 31350
19370 PRINT "The CCD acts as an 'electronic film'."
19380 PRINT "The intensity of light striking each"
19390 PRINT "point can be read electronically and"
19400 PRINT "expressed as a number."
19410 GOSUB 31310
19420 GOSUB 31350
19430 PRINT "The numbers are transmitted to a"
19440 PRINT "computer where an image processor"
19450 PRINT "'paints' each of the points with"
19460 PRINT "the proper intensity of light.";
19470 GOSUB 31310
19480 HGR :PIC$ = "J.1": GOSUB 32000
19490 GOSUB 31350
19500 PRINT "Four CCD's are used to construct each "
19510 PRINT "image, thus there is a total of "
19520 PRINT "2,560,000 picture elements (pixels)"
19530 PRINT "( 4 x 640,000 ).";
19550 GOSUB 31310
19560 GOSUB 31350
19570 PRINT "Color images are made by combining "
19580 PRINT "data gained by a series of exposures"
19590 PRINT "through proper filters."
19600 GOSUB 31310
19610 GOSUB 31350
19620 PRINT "Images of planets as distant as Jupiter"
19630 PRINT "and Saturn are expected to be equal to"
19640 PRINT "most images made by the Voyager probes"
19650 PRINT "which traveled near these planets.";
19660 GOSUB 31310
21999 RETURN
22000 :
22005 REM COMMUNICATIONS
22010 :
22015 HOME
22020 PRINT :T$ = "COMMUNICATIONS": GOSUB 31105
22050 T$ = "--------------": GOSUB 31105
22060 VTAB 6
22070 PRINT "Communication between scientists and"
22080 PRINT "engineers on Earth and the"
22090 PRINT "computers which control the HST"
22100 PRINT "is essential to the success of the"
22110 PRINT "Space Telescope mission."
22120 PRINT : PRINT :T$ = "Without communication, scientists": GOSUB 31250
22130 T$ = "on the ground would be unable": GOSUB 31250
22140 T$ = "to direct the observations of the": GOSUB 31250
22150 T$ = "HST and the HST would be unable to": GOSUB 31250
22160 T$ = "report its findings.": GOSUB 31250
22165 GOSUB 31025
22170 HOME : VTAB 5:T$ = "Information collected by HST": GOSUB 31105
22190 T$ = "is binary computer data.": GOSUB 31105
22200 VTAB 8:T$ = "Computer data represents information": GOSUB 31105
22210 T$ = "by a sequence of zeros and ones.": GOSUB 31105
22220 VTAB 11:T$ = "These zeros and ones, called bits,": GOSUB 31105
22230 T$ = "are transmitted to antennas on Earth": GOSUB 31105
22235 T$ = "using radio signals.": GOSUB 31105
22240 VTAB 15:T$ = "Computers process these data": GOSUB 31105
22245 T$ = "into useful information.": GOSUB 31105: GOSUB 31025
22250 HGR :PIC$ = "DT": GOSUB 32000:
22260 HOME : VTAB 23
22270 PRINT "Data are sent from the Space Telescope"
22280 PRINT "to a TDRS satellite. From there the"
22290 PRINT "data are transmitted to Earth."
22300 GOSUB 31310
22330 HOME : VTAB 23
22340 PRINT "The Goddard Space Flight Center"
22350 PRINT "receives all data from the HST."
22360 PRINT "Personnel at Goddard relay the science"
22370 PRINT "data to the HST Science Institute.";: GOSUB 31310
22380 HOME : VTAB 23
22390 PRINT "Usually, the HST will transmit 4,000"
22400 PRINT "bits of data each second but it is"
22410 PRINT "capable of sending 1,000,000"
22420 PRINT "bits per second.";: GOSUB 31310
22435 HOME : VTAB 23
22440 PRINT "At this rate, about"
22450 PRINT "70 images from the Wide Field"
22460 PRINT "Camera can be sent each day.": GOSUB 31310
22500 GOSUB 31350
22510 PRINT "Tape data storage is available on"
22520 PRINT "the HST for delayed transmission to"
22530 PRINT "Earth. The data storage system has"
22540 PRINT "a capacity of over 3 billion bits.";: GOSUB 31310
22600 GOSUB 31350
22610 PRINT "The HST communication system will"
22620 PRINT "even allow interactive control by"
22630 PRINT "astronomers during critical "
22640 PRINT "observation periods.";: GOSUB 31310
24999 RETURN
31000 REM
31005 REM USEFUL ROUTINES
31010 REM CONTROL LINES
31020 VTAB 22: HTAB 4: INVERSE : PRINT "DOWNLOADED FROM NASA BY L.MCEWEN"
31021 DL = PEEK(33181): IF DL < >68 THEN 45000
31022 MN = PEEK(33207) + PEEK(33212): IF MN < >155 THEN 45020
31025 VTAB 24: HTAB 7: PRINT "PRESS <RETURN> TO PROCEED";: POKE -16368,0: GET J$: NORMAL : IF J$ = "M" OR J$ = "m" GOTO 4200
31026 IF J$ < > CHR$(13) GOTO 31025
31030 HOME
31031 RETURN
31040 :
31050 :
31051 REM Control Line #2
31052 POKE 34,0: VTAB 22: HTAB 4: INVERSE : VTAB 24: HTAB 7: PRINT "PRESS <RETURN> TO PROCEED.";: POKE -16368,0: GET J$: NORMAL
31053 IF J$ = "M" OR J$ = "m" THEN GOTO 4200
31054 IF J$ < > CHR$(13) GOTO 31052
31055 POKE 34,6: RETURN
31099 :
31100 REM CENTERING
31105 TA = (40 - LEN(T$))/2: PRINT TAB( TA);T$: RETURN
31200 :
31249 REM R. JUSTIFY
31250 HTAB 40 - LEN(T$) -1: PRINT T$: RETURN
31299 :
31300 REM GRAPHICS USER CONTROL LINE
31310 VTAB 24: HTAB 39: PRINT "M";: VTAB 24: HTAB 39: POKE -16368,0: GET J$: IF J$ = "M" OR J$ = "m" GOTO 4200
31311 IF J$ < > CHR$(13) GOTO 31310
31320 HOME : RETURN
31350 :
31355 REM Position cursor
31360 HOME : VTAB 23: RETURN
31400 :
32000 :
32010 REM LOAD PICTURE
32020 PRINT D$;"BLOAD ";PIC$;".PAC,A2304"
32025 POKE 0,0: POKE 1,09: CALL 2048
32030 RETURN
32050 :
32100 :
32110 REM Text page 1
32120 POKE -16303,0: POKE -16300,0: RETURN
32130 :
32135 REM HiRes page 1 mixed
32140 POKE -16297,0: POKE -16304,0: POKE -16300,0: POKE -16301,0: RETURN
32200 :
32210 REM Termination if incorrect load occurred
32220 :
32230 LA = PEEK(104):SA = PEEK(16384):
32240 IF LA = 64 AND SA = 0 THEN GOTO 32290
32250 D$ = CHR$(4): POKE 103,1: POKE 104,64: POKE 16384,0
32255 PRINT CHR$(4);"RUN HST.INTRO"
32290 RETURN
40000 :
40010 REM DIRECTIONS
40020 TEXT : HOME :T$ = "DIRECTIONS": GOSUB 31100:T$ = "----------": GOSUB 31100
40030 VTAB 4: PRINT "* This program is an introduction to"
40040 PRINT " the Hubble Space Telescope."
40050 PRINT : PRINT "* It is suggested that you study"
40060 PRINT " sections 1 through 5 on"
40070 PRINT " the main menu in sequence, but you"
40080 PRINT " can select topics in any order."
40090 PRINT : PRINT "* Most of the time you will use the"
40100 PRINT " <RETURN> key to control the flow"
40110 PRINT " of information. Study each screen"
40120 PRINT " as long as you wish, then press"
40130 PRINT " <RETURN> to proceed."
40140 PRINT : PRINT "* You may also press 'M' to"
40150 PRINT " return to the menu."
40160 PRINT " An 'M' in the lower, right corner"
40170 PRINT " of the screen reminds you of"
40180 PRINT " this option.": GOSUB 31025
40200 HOME
40210 VTAB 3:T$ = "Enjoy the": GOSUB 31105: PRINT :T$ = "INTRODUCTION TO THE": GOSUB 31105
40220 PRINT :T$ = "HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE": GOSUB 31105
40250 GOSUB 31025
40300 RETURN
44000 NORMAL : TEXT : HOME : VTAB 5: PRINT "Enter RUN STARTUP to view again.": VTAB 15
44010 POKE 103,1: POKE 104,8: POKE 2048,0
44020 REM PRINT CHR$ (4);"BYE"
44030 END
45000 :
45010 REM Another way to end
45020 POKE 50,255: TEXT : HOME
45030 POKE 103,1: POKE 104,8: POKE 2048,0: END
46000 :
46010 REM DOS Error
46020 :
46030 GOSUB 32120: POKE 33,33: GOTO 28000